Mini split systems are becoming increasingly popular for their efficiency and flexibility in cooling and heating homes. However, understanding the various components of a mini split system can be overwhelming for homeowners. In this article, we will explain the key parts of a mini split system and their functions to help you gain a better understanding of how these systems work.
Indoor Unit: The indoor unit of a mini split system is responsible for delivering conditioned air into the room. It consists of a fan, evaporator coil, and air filters. The fan circulates the air, while the evaporator coil cools or heats the air depending on the mode selected. The air filters help remove dust and allergens from the air, ensuring cleaner indoor air quality.
Outdoor Unit: The outdoor unit of a mini split system houses the compressor, condenser coil, and fan. The compressor is the heart of the system and is responsible for compressing the refrigerant, which allows for heat transfer. The condenser coil releases the heat absorbed from the indoor unit to the outside air. The fan helps dissipate the heat and maintain proper airflow.
Service Valves: Service valves are located on the outdoor unit and are responsible for controlling the flow of refrigerant. These valves hold back the refrigerant until the line set is properly installed and pressure tested. Once the system is ready, the service valves are opened to allow the refrigerant to flow through the system.
Flares and Flare Nuts: Flares and flare nuts are crucial components for connecting the line set to the service valves. It is essential to ensure that flares are properly made using an eccentric flaring tool and block to prevent leaks. Torque wrenches should be used to tighten the flare nuts to the recommended specifications provided in the equipment literature.
Pilot Solenoid Valve: The pilot solenoid valve controls the directional flow of refrigerant in the mini split system. It is powered by a 12-volt electrical solenoid coil and is responsible for switching between high and low-pressure sides. This valve determines the direction of refrigerant flow based on the pressure conditions, ensuring efficient operation.
Electric Expansion Valve (EEV): The electric expansion valve is a pressure reduction device that separates the high and low-pressure sides of the mini split system. It controls the flow of refrigerant into the evaporator coil, allowing for precise temperature control. The EEV is powered by the outdoor PCB and adjusts the size of the opening based on the system’s cooling or heating demands.
Control Boards: Mini split systems may have one or multiple control boards, depending on the model. These boards include the main PCB and the intelligent power module (IPM). The main PCB manages the overall operation of the system, while the IPM controls specific components such as the fan motor and compressor. These boards communicate with each other and ensure proper functioning of the system.
Understanding the various parts of a mini split system is essential for troubleshooting and maintaining the system’s performance. From the indoor and outdoor units to the service valves, flares, and control boards, each component plays a crucial role in delivering efficient cooling and heating. By familiarizing yourself with these parts and their functions, you can better appreciate the complexity and functionality of mini split systems.
