Solenoid valve operation is based on the theory of the electromagnets. The solenoid valve coil sets up a magnetic field when electrical current is flowing through it. If a magnetic metal, such as iron or steel, is introduced into the magnetic field, the pull of the field will raise the metal and center it in the hollow core of the coil. By attaching a stem to the magnetic metal plunger, this principle is used to open the port of the valve. When the electrical circuit to the coil is broken, the magnetic field collapses and the stem and plunger either fall by gravity or are pushed down by the kick-off spring.
Some solenoid valves are designed with a hammer-blow effect. When the coil is energized, the plunger starts upward before the stem. The plunger then picks up the stem by making contact with a collar at the top. The momentum of the plunger assists in opening the valve against the unbalanced pressure across the port.
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